Iron makes it special

What makes faces special?

What may be special about faces, compared to non-face objects, is that their neural representation may be fundamentally spatial, e.g., Gabor-like. Subjects matched a sequence of two filtered images, each containing every other combination of spatial frequency and orientation, of faces or non-face 3D blobs, judging whether the person or blob was the same or different. On a match trial, the image...

What Makes Time Special

What is the difference between time and space? This question, once a central one in metaphysics, has not been treated kindly by recent history. By joining together space and time into spacetime Minkowski sapped some of the spirit out of this project. That is unfortunate, however, for even in relativistic theories there remain sharp and important metrical and topological distinctions between the...

Modularizing kCFA Makes It Polyvariant

Systems biology makes it personal.

Systems biology promises to personalize medicine via network-based biomarkers that predict therapeutic effectiveness. Toward this goal, Chang et al. (2009) recently introduced a systems-based approach to break down oncogenic signaling networks into modules that predict the effectiveness of pathway-specific therapeutics.

Echinacea: What Makes It Work?

Extrapolations from pharmacological research have led some authors to suggest restrictions or contraindications for the use of Echinacea. This article examines the known chemistry and pharmacology of the various Echinacea species and products, and challenges some of these popular concepts. In particular, the hypotheses that Echinacea is a T cell activator and that it will accelerate pathology i...